BIS-CBDC
BIS CBDC framework central banks digital currency.
Définition
BIS CBDC publications cles : CPMI-IOSCO Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI) applied CBDC 2020, CBDC Foundational Principles (2020), Retail CBDC Public Goods (2022), Cross-border CBDC Multiple CBDC mCBDC framework (2022). Design choices key : (1) Wholesale CBDC (Banks et FIs only access, settlement large value, similar reserves remunerees) vs Retail CBDC (general public access, similar physical cash digital), (2) Token-based (anonymous holder) vs Account-based (KYC identification), (3) Interest-bearing (yield) vs Non-interest-bearing, (4) Two-tier (central bank issues, commercial banks distribute) vs Single-tier (central bank direct relationship), (5) Limited holding vs Unlimited. Survey BIS 2023 : ~134 central banks engaged CBDC research, ~24 retail CBDC pilots running, 11 launched (Bahamas Sand Dollar 2020, Nigeria eNaira 2021, Jamaica JAM-DEX 2022, ECCB DCash 2021, etc.). China Digital Yuan e-CNY largest pilot (~$13B transactions 2023).
Origine
BIS premiere reflexion CBDC publications 2018 ; BIS CBDC Foundational Principles publiees 2020 par CPMI + 7 central banks majeures (Fed, ECB, BOE, BoJ, Riksbank, BoC, SNB) ; ~134 central banks engaged 2024.
Exemple en contexte
Banque Centrale du Nigeria emet eNaira (lance 25 octobre 2021), premier retail CBDC Afrique : token-based, two-tier (CBN emet + commercial banks distribuent), KYC requise, integration 2.4M utilisateurs mobile wallet eNaira Speed App pour P2P transfers + merchant payments.
Termes liés
- ISO 20022 CBDC — messaging standard.