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Spotlight PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0 The EU e-invoicing mandate is here — France Sept 2026, Belgium Jan 2026, Germany 2025.

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Foundations

— 02

Standards

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Flagship messages

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Tools

X12 410 — Rail Carrier Freight Details and Invoice

The 410 is the rail equivalent of the 210 motor carrier transaction: rail freight details and invoice, with car, route, accessorial charges.

Purpose

The 410 documents billing for a rail shipment: waybill number, route, car (equipment), STCC commodity, weight, rates and itemized charges (line haul, switching, fuel surcharge, demurrage, accessorials). It feeds shipper-side accounting and Class I railroad reconciliation.

It is the canonical billing transaction of the North American rail-freight circuit (BNSF, UP, CSX, NS, CN, CPKC). Acknowledged by 997, it is typically followed by an 820 (Payment Order / Remittance) or 824 on dispute.

Envelope structure

The 410 travels within the three X12 envelope levels (ISA/IEA, GS/GE with functional group IR, and ST/SE). Didactic example in release 004010:

x12 example-410.x12 
ISA*00*          *00*          *ZZ*BNSF          *ZZ*ACMESHIPPER   *260514*1430*U*00401*000000410*0*P*>~
GS*IR*BNSF*ACMESHIPPER*20260514*1430*1*X*004010~
ST*410*0001~
B3**WB-26-44071*PP*20260514*WB*WB-26-44071*BNSF*USD~
N9*WB*WB-26-44071~
N1*SH*ACME GRAIN CO*92*S-0001~
N1*CN*ACME MILL INC*92*C-0042~
N7*HOPPER*BNSF-552032*LD~
H3*L1**FTW*KC~
LX*1~
L5*1*WHEAT GRAIN*STCC*0113310~
L0*1*96000*N*0*BU*0~
L1*1*LINE HAUL*USD*4250.00~
L1*2*FUEL SURCHARGE*USD*510.00~
L3**N*96000**4760.00~
SE*13*0001~
GE*1*1~
IEA*1*000000410~

Common segments

  • Header — ST, B3 (Beginning Segment for Carrier's Invoice), N9*WB (Waybill), DTM.
  • Parties — N1 (SH, CN, FW).
  • Equipment — N7 (rail car, status LD or MT).
  • Routing — H3 (route junction points).
  • Lines — LX loop with L5 (STCC), L0 (weight), L1 (charges per line).
  • Summary — L3 (Total Weight and Charges), SE.

Common pitfalls

  • STCC vs UN/NA: STCC remains the canonical rail code list, but HAZMAT also requires UN number in H1; STCC alone on HAZMAT triggers a hold.
  • Interchange settlements: an interline shipment (multi-carrier) generates multiple 410s — one per carrier — reconciled via a common waybill. Mixing interline = double billing.
  • Demurrage / detention: bill as separate L1 per day, not as an aggregate sum; otherwise day-by-day dispute is not possible.

Documentation

The code 410 and the name Rail Carrier Freight Details and Invoice are public and listed on x12.org/products/transaction-sets. The complete structure of loops, qualifiers and code lists is distributed by DISA via the proprietary Implementation Guides (TR3). ediverse.io covers only public concepts, the envelope and didactic examples.