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Spotlight PEPPOL BIS Billing 3.0 The EU e-invoicing mandate is here — France Sept 2026, Belgium Jan 2026, Germany 2025.

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Foundations

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Standards

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Flagship messages

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Tools

X12 285 — Commercial Vehicle Safety and Credentials Information Exchange

The 285 transmits safety and credentials information for a commercial vehicle — IRP, IFTA, USDOT, inspections — between a regulatory authority and a carrier.

Purpose

The 285 documents commercial vehicle registration and status in CVISN (Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks): IRP plate, IFTA license, USDOT number, FMCSA safety rating, recent inspections. It supports bypass screening at weigh stations.

It is exchanged between jurisdictions and PrePass / Drivewyze operators. Acknowledged by 997. Often paired with the 286 (official credentials).

Envelope structure

The 285 travels within the three X12 envelope levels (ISA/IEA, GS/GE with functional group CV, and ST/SE). Didactic example in release 004010:

x12 example-285.x12 
ISA*00*          *00*          *ZZ*FMCSA         *ZZ*MOTORCARRIER  *260515*1030*U*00401*000000285*0*P*>~
GS*CV*FMCSA*MOTORCARRIER*20260515*1030*1*X*004010~
ST*285*0001~
B12*00*CV*CV-2026-1199*20260515~
N1*CB*ACME TRUCKING INC*92*USDOT-1234567~
N7*XYZ*1234*TRACTOR*VIN-1HGCM82633A123456~
REF*ZZ*IRP-PLATE-2026-NV~
REF*ZZ*IFTA-LICENSE-NV-2026~
REF*ZZ*SAFETY-RATING-SATISFACTORY~
DTM*036*20260415~
SE*9*0001~
GE*1*1~
IEA*1*000000285~

Common segments

  • Header — ST, B12 (Beginning Segment for Commercial Vehicle).
  • Carrier — N1*CB (Carrier — Bonded) with USDOT.
  • Vehicle — N7 with VIN, tractor/trailer type.
  • Credentials — repeated REF*ZZ: IRP, IFTA, safety rating.
  • Inspection date — DTM*036 (last inspection date).
  • Summary — SE.

Common pitfalls

  • Out-of-service order: a vehicle in OOS must be blocked at bypass — an outdated 285 masking OOS creates a major safety issue.
  • Multi-state IRP: an IRP vehicle is plated in several jurisdictions; carrying only one state in REF breaks fee apportionment.
  • FMCSA SMS data lag: Safety Measurement System ratings have a 30-day lag; a 285 must always carry the evaluation date, not the current date.

Documentation

The code 285 and the name Commercial Vehicle Safety and Credentials Information Exchange are public and listed on x12.org/products/transaction-sets. The complete structure of loops, qualifiers and code lists is distributed by DISA via the proprietary Implementation Guides (TR3). ediverse.io covers only public concepts, the envelope and didactic examples.