SCOPE-1-2-3-EMISSIONS

GHG Protocol emission classification.

Definition

Scope 1 direct emissions: stationary combustion (boilers), mobile combustion (fleet vehicles), industrial processes (chemistry), fugitive (HFC refrigerants). Scope 2 emissions from purchased energy: electricity, steam, heat, cooling (location-based or market-based). Scope 3 indirect emissions 15 categories: 8 upstream (purchased goods/services, capital goods, fuel-energy related, transportation, waste, business travel, commuting, leased assets) + 7 downstream (transportation distribution, processing of sold products, use of sold products, end-of-life treatment, leased assets, franchises, investments).

Origin

GHG Protocol Corporate Standard published by WRI (World Resources Institute) and WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development) 2001 ; revised 2004 ; Scope 3 Standard published 2011.

Example in context

Apple reports its FY23 emissions: Scope 1 ~50000 tCO2e, Scope 2 ~5000 tCO2e (renewable PPAs), Scope 3 ~14M tCO2e of which ~70% category 11 use of sold products (electricity consumed by iPhones, MacBooks).

Related terms

• GHG Protocol Corporate — parent standard.