QES
The highest eIDAS assurance level for legal-person seals.
Definition
Unlike an electronic signature (a natural person), an electronic seal is applied by a legal person. The qualified level enjoys a legal presumption of integrity of the data and correctness of origin. It is used to seal batches of invoices issued in a company's name.
Origin
Defined by Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (eIDAS), Articles 35 to 40, and the qualified Trusted Service Providers listed in the Trusted Lists.
Example in context
An operator seals 5,000 Factur-X invoices with a qualified seal: a broken seal on any one of them reveals post-issuance tampering.